PALESTINE’S LEGAL SCENE –Issue.197

Your weekly survey of the most important publications and activities related to Palestine and law, from local and international sources

8 -14 October 2023

Issued every Sunday by Law for Palestine

Prepared by: Razwan Issa, Nour Kharouf, Nermin Allawh, and Joman Alkhateeb

Translation: Mai Shaheen and Ferdous Abdul Hamid
Editing: Nardeen Khalid

This weekly report reviews the legal dynamics of the Palestine question, and everything related to international law and Palestine. The report includes an account of the most important publications, activities and conferences related to Palestine at the local, regional, international levels. The report further covers decisions, decrees, and judicial orders affecting the Palestinian cause, whether made at the official, academic or public levels. The report aims to be a reference for monitoring, documenting and archiving the latest human rights developments related to Palestine, and to present them to individuals, researchers, study centers, and official, academic and legal institutions concerned.

To view this Issue of Palestine’s Legal Scene, please click here (10 minutes read)

Judicial decrees, decisions, positions, and orders issued by official Palestinian bodies:

• Palestine’s United Nations Permanent Observer stated: “You cannot say ‘nothing justifies killing Israelis’ and then provide justifications for killing Palestinians. We are not sub-humans. We will never accept rhetoric that denigrates our humanity and reneges our rights; A rhetoric that ignores the occupation of our land and oppression of our people.” (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFAE) has issued a statement strongly condemning the killing of civilians under the cover of international approval, classifying it as a war crime. The Ministry emphasized that the international community’s approval of the Israeli Prime Minister’s authority to conduct actions, labeled as self-defense, implicates the international community in these acts. It also stressed the necessity of closely monitoring the collective punitive measures imposed by the occupying state on the Palestinian people. (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• The President of Palestine, Mahmoud Abbas, has called on the United Nations to immediately intervene to stop the ongoing Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people, particularly in the Gaza Strip. He also reiterated that the only solution to all the escalation taking place in the region is the political solution of ending the Israeli occupation of the State of Palestine. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Palestinian Minister of Health has issued a statement appealing to the international community to take urgent action to halt the Israeli aggression against healthcare facilities, ambulances, and medical teams in the Gaza Strip. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Palestinian MOFAE has condemned Israel’s decision to cut off essential supplies to Palestinian citizens in Gaza and prevent their access to basic necessities, including water, electricity, food, medical supplies, and fuel. It also denounced the organized and armed attacks by settler militias against Palestinian civilians in the occupied West Bank.(October 10, 2023)
• The Palestinian Prime Minister stressed the crucial need to halt the aggression in Gaza, cautioning about the potential disastrous effects of any Israeli ground invasion. He called on the United Nations and the Red Cross to intervene urgently in restoring electricity and water services, averting a humanitarian crisis. Furthermore, he reaffirmed the commitment to continue collaborating with Egypt and the international community to put an end to the atrocities against Palestinians. (October 12, 2023). For further details, click here

Judicial decrees, decisions, positions, and orders issued by official Israeli bodies:

• Israeli Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant announced: “I have ordered a complete siege on the Gaza Strip. There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed. We are fighting human animals, and we will act accordingly.” (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Israeli ambassador to the European Union and NATO, Haim Regev, claimed that, “Israel is ‘not violating humanitarian law’ in the war on Hamas” in the Gaza Strip. He added that Israel’s goal is to eliminate Hamas while avoiding harming innocent people. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari, a spokesman for the Israeli military, said that, regarding the Israeli attack on Gaza “the emphasis is on damage and not on accuracy,”. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) call for the evacuation of all Palestinian civilians of Gaza City from their homes to the Southern region, specifically Wadi Gaza, for their own safety and protection. The IDF said that they will be able to return to Gaza City only when another announcement permitting it is made. (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here

Judicial decrees, decisions, positions, and orders issued by Arab, European, and international bodies:

• The Arab League’s General Secretariat has called for Israel, its military, and settlers to be added to the list of parties violating children’s rights in armed conflicts, in line with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1612. (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• The U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, strongly condemned the recent attacks in Israel and reaffirmed the country’s full support for Israel in dealing with this assault. He also said that they are actively trying to verify reports that several Americans may be among the hostages and nail that down. (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• The European Union has stated that it will reevaluate its financial aid to the Palestinians to ensure no ‘indirect’ support to terrorism, given its renewed strong support for Israel’s right to self-defense. The EU reverses earlier announcement that it was suspending development aid to Palestinians.
• Brazil, Finland, EU, Canada, and Japan have all condemned the recent “terrorist attacks” by Hamas and other Palestinian groups against Israel.
• Egypt, Kuwait, and Algeria have expressed their condemnation of the attacks and provocative actions targeting the Palestinian people, as well as the forced displacement. The Jordanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has additionally issued a warning regarding the escalating situation, emphasizing the potential for further deterioration, particularly in light of the Israeli attacks and violations observed in cities and towns in the West Bank against the Palestinian people.
• The President of the United States Joe Biden condemns ‘evil’ and ‘abhorrent’ attack on Israel. He said that “we will make sure Israel has what it needs to take care of its citizens, defend itself, and respond to this attack.” (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• Norbert Lammert, a member of the German parliament and the president of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, has said that “[a]ll German development aid to the Palestinians must be scrutinized to ensure that it does not benefit terrorist organizations, even indirectly”. He stressed the importance of firmly addressing hostility towards Jews by some individuals in Germany and the need to enforce German law in such cases. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, expressed condemnation of the abhorrent attacks by Hamas and others against Israeli towns and villages. Guterres also emphasized the importance of both sides respecting international humanitarian law, protecting civilians, and providing urgent humanitarian assistance. He called for an end to the cycle of violence and a pursuit of a two-state solution. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• King Abdullah reiterated Jordan’s unwavering stance on the Palestinian cause, and called for restraint, the protection of civilians, and adherence to international humanitarian law. He warned that the situation will continue to deteriorate in the absence of a just solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, noting the dangerous repercussions of escalation on regional security. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Polish Senate condemns the attack launched by Hamas against Israel and its civilian population and reaffirms its standing with and support for the state of Israel. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• Members of the United Nations Security Council have condemned Hamas for its attack on Israel. However, Russia and China declined to issue a standalone condemnation, emphasizing the need to consider the broader context. China expressed its support for a joint statement condemning “all attacks against civilians”. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here 
• High-level Egyptian sources warned against directing Palestinians toward the Egyptian borders and endorsing mass displacement. Egypt has urged the international community to intervene and prevent further escalation, with the aim of preserving the lives of Palestinian civilians and preventing Gaza from becoming depopulated, which would end the Palestinian cause. Egypt has placed responsibility on Israeli authorities to establish humanitarian access routes and has stressed the immediate cessation of military operations. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• S Senate Majority Leader Schumer pans China for not backing Israel and said he was “very disappointed” in the lack of sympathy or support after the Hamas attack. (October 9, 2023). For further, click here
• The Russian Foreign Minister announced Russia’s cooperation with the Arab League to “stop the bloodshed” in Israel and Gaza. He added that Moscow and the Arab League will work “with those countries that are interested in establishing lasting peace in the Middle East.” (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here, and here
• The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) reported that a building housing the UNRWA headquarters in Gaza City sustained significant damage as a result of Israeli airstrikes nearby. It was reported that two UNRWA employees and five UNRWA school students had been killed since October 7th. It was also stressed that United Nations buildings and facilities need to be protected at all times. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• Representatives Rashida Tlaib and Cori Bush, two members of the US Congress, have been criticized for describing Israel as an apartheid state and calling for an end to US funding of the Israeli state. Tlaib called for the dismantling of the apartheid regime and the lifting of the siege on the Gaza Strip. Bush condemned the targeting of civilians and called for the end of US support for the occupying Israeli army and the apartheid system. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Venezuelan President said that Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip. He stressed that the Palestinians are subjected to an “apartheid” system. He added: “We demand an immediate ceasefire, respect for UN resolutions, respect for the rights of peoples, and the commencement of peace negotiations to allow the Palestinian people to regain their legitimate rights to independence, land and peace.” (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Humanitarian Coordinator in the occupied Palestinian territory (OCHA), Lynn Hastings, called on Israel and Palestinian armed groups in the Gaza Strip to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law in light of the continued escalation of the security and humanitarian situation, including the principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution during military operations. Hastings also called for the protection of civilians, especially children, medical facilities, health and humanitarian workers, and journalists. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator at the United Nations stressed that human rights and the laws of war must be respected. He also condemned violence and hostage-taking, calling for the humane treatment of those held captive, to comply with the laws of war as well as not prevent humanitarian aid and vital services from reaching Gaza. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel announced that it began collecting evidence of war crimes committed by all sides in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories since October 7, 2023. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The UN Secretary-General stressed that the United Nations must be allowed access to deliver urgent humanitarian assistance to helpless Palestinian civilians trapped in the Gaza Strip. He appealed to the international community to mobilize immediate humanitarian support for this effort. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• After an informal meeting of European Union foreign ministers, Josep Borrell, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs, said that support for cooperation with the Palestinian Authority and the necessity of continuing humanitarian aid were emphasized, stressing the importance of respecting international humanitarian law in dealing with the current events between Israel and the Palestinians. In addition, he stated Israel has the right to defend itself, but some of its actions since Hamas attack counter international humanitarian law. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• UNRWA has issued an urgent appeal for US$104 million for life-saving assistance in Gaza. UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini said: “Aid to civilians who have nowhere to flee must be immediate: water, food, medicine.” (October 11, 2023) ) For further details, click here
• The Swedish Government announced the suspension of aid to Palestine in response to the attacks of the terrorist organization Hamas against Israel, and stressed that this will not affect humanitarian aid. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• The U.S Senator, Bernie Sanders issued a statement on the continued violence in Israel and Gaza, stressing that “Hamas’ terrorist assault on Israel will have horrific short- and long-term consequences.” Sanders noted the importance of focusing on alleviating human suffering, protecting innocent people on both sides and the need to respect international law. He stressed that children and innocent people should not be punished for the acts of Hamas. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• United Nations independent experts issued a statement condemning the attacks on civilians in Israel and the Gaza Strip and the further tightening of the unlawful blockade. The experts urged the agreement of a ceasefire to be monitored by an independent international body. Furthermore, they urged the international community to address the root causes of the violence, including ending the occupation. (October 12, 2023). For further details, click here
• In the fifth report of UNRWA on the situation in the Gaza Strip, the agency said that there are about 218,600 internally displaced people in UNRWA schools due to Israeli attacks, and stressed the deteriorating humanitarian conditions. The report also noted damage to health facilities and concerns about supplies, water and food as a result of the blockade imposed on Gaza. OCHA also issued its fifth report on the situation in the Gaza Strip. (October 12, 2023)
• Jordan announced its donation of US$4.3 million (3 million Jordanian dinars) to support Palestine refugees and UNRWA operations in the Gaza Strip. (October 12, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Secretary-General of the League of Arab States sent an urgent appeal to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in which he demanded the necessity of exerting his political and moral weight to prevent a new war crime that Israel seeks to commit by asking the residents of the northern Gaza Strip to move to its south. He condemned Israel’s attempt to transfer the humanitarian crisis to neighboring countries. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation expressed the same concern.
• The Turkish Foreign Ministry condemned the Israeli army’s decision to force residents of northern Gaza to move south in light of the bombing and lack of resources in the Strip. In the same context, Egypt warned against moving south, while Saudi Arabia and Jordan expressed their categorical rejection of calls for displacement. (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here
• The United Nations called on the Israeli government to rescind its announcement to transfer UN agencies and Gazans to ‘relocate to southern Gaza immediately’ without any guarantee for their safety or their return. (October 14, 2023). For further details, click here
• UNRWA warned that more than two million people in the Gaza Strip are at the risk of running out of water, which has become life-threatening. Philippe Lazzarini, Commissioner-General of UNRWA, said that: “water has become a matter of life and death. It is a must; fuel needs to be delivered now into Gaza to make water available for 2 million people.” (October 14, 2023). For further details, click here
• UN expert Francesca Albanese warned of the mass ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, and called for an immediate ceasefire and the need to ensure accountability for international crimes committed by both sides. (October 14, 2023). For further details, click here

Publications of human rights NGOs:

• Human rights organizations (Al-Haq, Al Mezan Center for Human Rights, and the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights) called on the UN Security Council to address root causes of the case and protect the Palestinian people from Israeli attacks. (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• Ireland Palestinian Solidarity issued a statement entitled: “For Freedom and Justice in Palestine – End Western Complicity with Israeli Apartheid!”. (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• Save the Children has warned of the escalation of violence in Israel and Gaza, which has killed hundreds of civilians and injured thousands. The organization added there will belong-term consequences on children’s health, and called for compliance with international humanitarian law and the protection of children. (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• CARE condemned violence against civilians by all sides and called on all parties to the conflict to abide by their obligations under international humanitarian law, including respecting the principles of humanity, proportionality, and distinction at all times. (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Palestinian Prisoner’s club said that the occupation prison administration continues to implement retaliatory measures against prisoners in all prisons. The Prisoners’ Club warned against aggressive acts or harm towards prisoners. The Club also called on the International Committee of the Red Cross to carry out its duties. The head of the Prisoners’ Affairs Commission called on the International Committee of the Red Cross to intensify its staff and efforts to follow up on the conditions of Palestinian prisoners inside prisons and detention centers, and the cases of arrest that took place throughout the days of the war, specifically Gazan detainees. (October 12, 2023)
• Amnesty International called on all parties to the conflict to abide by international law and take all measures to avoid further civilian bloodshed, noting that the deliberate targeting of civilians and disproportionate attacks constitute war crimes, whether by Israel or Palestinian armed groups. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• Human Rights Watch (HRW) issued a guide entitled: “Questions and Answers: October 2023 Hostilities between Israel and Palestinian Armed Groups.” The organization also condemned the deliberate killing of civilians, hostage-taking, and collective punishment, stressing the urgent need for accountability in accordance with the laws of international humanitarian law. HRW also called on the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to quickly issue a public statement on the current hostilities between Palestinian armed groups and Israel.
• The New Jersey chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR-NJ), the largest human rights organization and Muslim coalition in the United States, condemned New Jersey’s officials’ ignoring the suffering of the Palestinian people as a result of the Israeli attacks on Gaza and called on them to meet with Palestinian human rights advocates. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• B’Tselem said that intentional attacks on civilians are prohibited and unacceptable, whether they are committed as part of a struggle for freedom from oppression or cited as part of a war against terror. The organization also condemned Israel’s “criminal policy of revenge” in Gaza, stressing that “one crime does not justify another.”
• The Adalah Center published a statement referring to the incident in which the University of Haifa expelled a number of Palestinian students from within the Green Line territory, under the pretext of their posts on social media, without them even requesting a hearing, and without explaining the posts as a result of which these measures were taken. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• One Hundred and eight (108) civil society organizations from Palestine sent an urgent appeal to the international community and the United Nations, in order to pressure Israel to stop its hostile actions against Palestinian civilians and end the forced displacement of residents of the West Bank. It also called for the provision of urgent humanitarian assistance to address the ongoing escalation and stop the worsening of the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Diakonia International Humanitarian Law Center has begun issuing a series of documents highlighting relevant rules of international law and providing a legal analysis of the current events in Palestine-Israel. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The US Campaign for Palestinian Rights launched a press release calling on the US Congress to stop arming Israel and address the root causes of the recent violence. (October 9, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Australia Palestine Advocacy Network (APAN) published a press release calling on the Australian government to condemn the complete siege imposed by Israel on Gaza, and said that the halt of supplies of electricity, food, water and fuel constitutes collective and brutal punishment. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC) called for the immediate de-escalation of the conflict between Israel and Palestinian armed groups. CIVIC urged all parties to cease their attacks against civilians and adhere to international humanitarian law and international human rights law, including taking all necessary precautions to distinguish between civilians and combatants. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) condemns the direct attacks on civilians in Israel, hostage-taking and indiscriminate rocket fire against civilians by Palestinian armed groups. The ICJ also condemned Israeli retaliatory airstrikes in response to those attacks in the Gaza Strip, calling for compliance with international humanitarian laws and demanding accountability for war crimes. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Palestinian Prisoner’s Club has expressed deep concerns regarding the administrative detainee Kayed al-Fasfous, who has been on a hunger strike for 69 days. They have called for the intervention of the International Red Cross and international human rights organizations to save his life, especially in light of the punitive measures during this critical period in Palestine and the strict isolation he is facing. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) warns that the ongoing violence, including attacks on civilians and residential areas, requires urgent de-escalation efforts to prevent a humanitarian disaster. They call on all parties to respect international humanitarian law, protect civilians, and safeguard critical infrastructure that people depend on to live – including electricity and water networks. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• A coalition of 34 Harvard student organizations jointly stated that they: “hold the Israeli regime entirely responsible for all unfolding violence” following decades of occupation, adding that “the apartheid regime is the only one to blame.” Signatories encompass diverse backgrounds, from Muslim and Palestinian support groups to Harvard Jews for Liberation and the African American Resistance Organization. The statement reflects varied opinions on the conflict among Harvard students. (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• In response to criticism from the Welsh Secretary David TC Davies concerning a planned conference in Cardiff on human rights in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories, an Amnesty spokesperson said: “Amnesty International UK expressed its concern at the accuracy of David’s comments and stressed that it strongly and unequivocally condemned the weekend’s events and expressed deep concern at the growing toll civilian deaths in Israel and Gaza.” (October 10, 2023). For further details, click here
• The France-Palestine Solidarity Association issued a press release calling for the lifting of the siege on Gaza and condemning the ban on demonstrations in solidarity with the Palestinian people after preventing a planned demonstration in Paris. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• Jan Egeland, Secretary-General of the Norwegian Refugee Council, called for the opening of humanitarian corridors, an immediate cessation of fighting in Gaza to deliver aid, and protection of civilians from ongoing attacks. He also called on the international community to increase support to end the mass displacement and to stop the bloodshed in Israel and Palestine. (October 11, 2023 For further details, click here
• Digital Investigations Lab at Human Rights Watch provided a summary of its work in collecting, preserving, verifying, and contextualizing key information and videos of the violence in Palestine and Israel to inform their research and build investigations into possible war crimes committed in Israel and Gaza. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) is deeply concerned about the current hostilities, which have resulted in thousands of civilian casualties and widespread destruction. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• Adalah calls on the international community to intervene immediately to protect the lives of civilians in Gaza who are now subject to Israel’s ruthless retaliatory actions. Adalah also calls on the international community to protect the Palestinian people in Gaza from Israel’s brutal and illegal actions, to stop the inhumane blockade on Gaza, and to put an end to the Israeli prolonged occupation, in order to uphold Palestinians’ right to self-determination. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• Gisha- Legal Center for Freedom of Movement issued a press release regarding the total blackout in Gaza and condemned the humanitarian disaster on Palestinians in the Strip, imposed by Israel. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Palestinian Bar Association condemned the deliberate launching of a missile attack by Israeli warplanes on the headquarters of the Palestinian Bar Association in Gaza on October 9, and called for the urgent investigation and prosecution of those responsible for the violations before the International Criminal Court. (October 11, 2023). For further details, click here
• Amnesty International declared that Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups flagrantly violated international law and displayed a chilling disregard for human life by carrying out cruel and brutal crimes including mass summary killings, hostage-taking, and launching indiscriminate rocket attacks into Israel. The organization has called for these crimes to be investigated as part of the ICC’s ongoing international investigation in relation to the current conflict. (October 12, 2023). For further details, click here
• Al-Haq published a statement jointly with several organizations and institutions from Palestinian civil society, in which it indicated that the support of some Western countries for Israel, focusing on its losses without referring to the suffering of the Palestinians, raises serious concerns. It stressed that military support provided by Third States may constitute complicity in possible war crimes. (October 12, 2023). For further details, click here
• 7amleh – The Arab Center for the Advancement of Social Media has detected more than 19,000 cases of hate speech and inciting content in Hebrew language on X (formerly known as Twitter), portraying a significant increase since the recent escalation in the Gaza Strip. (October 12, 2023). For further details, click here
• Amnesty International published a new report collecting strong evidence proving the Israeli army’s use of white phosphorus shells in densely populated civilian areas in the Gaza Strip. In the same context, Human Rights Watch announced that Israel’s use of white phosphorus in military operations in the Gaza Strip and Lebanon exposes civilians to the risk of serious and long-term injuries, according to video clips taken in those areas in October 2023. It is also noted that the use of white phosphorus in densely populated areas violates international humanitarian law. (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here
• Prominent human rights organizations in Palestine, including Al-Haq, Al Mezan Center for Human Rights, and the Palestinian Center for Human Rights, call on Third States to urgently intervene to protect the Palestinian population against the potential threat of genocide, based on Israel’s statements and actions. (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here
• Al-Mezan Center has indicated that they are unable to publish their periodic daily report due to the displacement of most of its staff from their homes and are currently without access to power or internet. Al-Mezan stressed that the world needs to know the atrocities Israel is committing in Gaza Strip (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here
• The International Centre of Justice for Palestinians (ICJP) has issued UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with a stark warning that UK government officials could be individually liable for their role in aiding and abetting Israeli war crimes. (October 14, 2023). For further details, click here

Opinion Pieces and features:

• The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) published an article by Steven A. Cook titled: “Surprise Palestinian Attack Spawns Fears of Wider Mideast War.” (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• The Washington Post published an article by Sammy Westfall, Brian Murphy, Adam Taylor, and Bryan Pietsch entitled: “History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Chronology.” (October 8, 2023). For further details, click here
• Jeff Handmaker, the Associate Professor of Legal Sociology, published an article in Bliss – the official blog of the International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam titled: “The recent upsurge of violence in Israel and Palestine signifies a “prelude to genocide”. How could this happen?”. (October 12, 2023). For further details, click here
• Human Rights Watch published an article by Omar Shaker and Louis Charbonneau entitled: “Amid Israel/Palestine Hostilities, Brazil Should Press to Respect International Law.” (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here
• Raz Segal, the associate professor of Holocaust and genocide studies at Stockton University, published an artilce in “Jewish Currents” titled “A Textbook Case of Genocide: Israel has been explicit about what it’s carrying out in Gaza. Why isn’t the world listening?” (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here
• António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, published an artilce in The New York Times titled “Why Israel Must Reconsider Its Gaza Evacuation Order”. (October 13, 2023). For further details, click here